Канабис: the facts

Тема в разделе "Up-to-date", создана пользователем SET, 22/6/15.

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    Канабис: the facts

    http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/drugs/PublishingImages/Канабис_377x171_89021339.jpg
    Канабис is the most widely used illegal drug in the UK, although its use in recent years has fallen.


    The proportion of 11-15 year olds in England who had used Канабис in the last year fell from 13.3% in 2003 to 7% in 2013. The proportion of 16-59 year olds using Канабис in the last year has fallen from 10.6% in 2003-04 to 6.6% in 2013-14.

    How Канабис makes you feel
    The effects of Канабис vary from person to person:

    • some people may feel chilled out, relaxed and happy
    • others get the giggles or become more talkative
    • hunger pangs are common – this is sometimes known as "getting the munchies"
    • you may become more aware of your senses – colours may look more intense and music may sound better
    • it’s common to feel as though time is slowing down
    Канабис can have other effects too:

    If you use Канабис regularly it can make you demotivated and uninterested in other things going on in your life, such as education or work. Long-term use can affect your ability to learn and to concentrate.

    Can you get addicted to Канабис?
    In the past Канабис wasn’t thought to be addictive. However, research has shown that it can be addictive, particularly if you have been using it regularly for quite a while. About 10% of regular Канабис users are thought to become dependent.

    As with other addictive drugs such as Кока and Гер, you can develop a tolerance to it. This means you have to have more and more to get the same effects. If you stop taking it, you can experience withdrawal symptoms, such as cravings,
    , mood swings, irritability and restlessness.

    If you regularly smoke Канабис with tobacco, you’re likely to get addicted to nicotine and may develop tobacco-related illnesses, such as
    and
    . If you cut down or give up, you will experience withdrawal from nicotine as well as Канабис.

    See tips for
    .



    Risks associated with Канабис
    Recent research has helped us better understand the health risks from using Канабис. We know that:

    • Канабис affects your ability to drive. This is one of the reasons why drug driving, like drink driving, is illegal. One French study found that drivers who had been using Канабис were more than twice as likely to cause a fatal car crash.
    • If you smoke it, Канабис can be harmful to your lungs. Like tobacco, it contains cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens) that increase your risk of lung cancer. It can also make
      worse, and cause wheezing in people without asthma. If you mix Канабис with tobacco and smoke it, the risks to your lungs are higher.
    • Канабис can harm your mental health. Regular use is associated with an increased risk of developing a psychotic illness, such as
      . A psychotic illness is one where you experience hallucinations (when you see things that aren’t really there) and delusions (when you believe things that aren’t really true). Your risk of developing a psychotic illness is higher if you start using Канабис in your teens and if you have a family history of mental illness. Канабис use has also been shown to increase the risk of a relapse in people who have schizophrenia, and could make existing symptoms worse.
    • Канабис may affect your fertility. Research done in animals suggests that Канабис can disrupt sperm production in males and ovulation in females.
    • If you are pregnant, Канабис may harm your unborn baby. Research suggests that using Канабис during pregnancy could affect your baby's brain development. Regularly smoking Канабис with tobacco is associated with an increased risk of your baby being born small or
      .
    Does my age affect my risks?
    The risks linked to using Канабис do seem to be higher for people who use it regularly from an early age, including the risk of developing a mental illness.

    It’s not clear why the risks are higher for people who start using Канабис when young. It may be linked to the fact that, during the teenage years, the brain is still forming its connections and Канабис interferes with this process.

    Does Канабис have medicinal benefits?
    Herbal Канабис contains many different compounds, called cannabinoids, which have different effects. One of these cannabinoids – tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC for short – is the active ingredient of a prescribed drug called Sativex. Currently this is only licensed in the UK as a treatment to relieve the pain of muscle spasms in
    .

    Further research is under way to test the effectiveness of Канабис-based drugs for a range of other conditions including the eye disease
    , appetite loss in people with
    ,
    in children and pain associated with cancer. We won’t know whether or not these treatments are effective until trials have concluded.

    See more on
    .

    Does Канабис lead to other drugs?
    While most people who use harder drugs like Гер have used Канабис, only a small proportion of people who use Канабис go on to use hard drugs. However, buying Канабис brings you into contact with the illegal drugs trade, making it more likely that you will be exposed to other drugs.

    Where can I get more information about Канабис?
    You’ll find more information about Канабис in the
    .

    If you need support with giving up Канабис, you’ll find sources of help in
    .


    Page last reviewed: 30/10/2014

    Next review due: 30/10/2016
     
    SET, 22/6/15
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